Radio Physical Layer (PHY)

The “Physical Layer” in the context of computer networking, particularly within the OSI model, is the lowest layer, responsible for defining the means of transmitting raw bits over a physical data link connecting network nodes. It encompasses the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of the transmission medium, including specifying parameters like electrical connectors, frequencies, line codes, and modulation techniques. In wireless systems, the physical layer converts data bits into electromagnetic waves for transmission and vice versa, bridging the gap between digital data and the physical world. It plays a crucial role in establishing a reliable physical connection between network devices and ensuring data integrity during transmission.

IO-Link Wireless, an industrial wireless communication protocol, extends the capabilities of the traditional IO-Link protocol by introducing wireless connectivity to IO-Link devices. It offers a high level of reliability with a Packet Error Rate (PER) of 1e-9, making it suitable for industrial environments. The protocol’s physical layer is responsible for implementing the wireless communication technology, including features like Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation, which enhances resistance to interference. IO-Link Wireless utilizes a repetition mechanism for critical data, automatically managed by the physical layer, and protected by CRC32. This protocol ensures deterministic low-latency communication in industrial settings, allowing for remote sensor and actuator control with a high degree of reliability.